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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20210303T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20210303T133000
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SUMMARY:"Stress\, happiness\, and maternity leave at childbirth\," Mauricio Avendano Pabon\, King's College London
DESCRIPTION:“Stress\, happiness\, and maternity leave at childbirth” \nMauricio Avendano Pabon\, King’s College London \nAbstract: This study examines the impact of childbirth on both stress and happiness. We use unique data from the Survey of Health\, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)\, which collects full retrospective life histories for women aged 50 years and older in 12 European countries. Using an instrumental variable fixed effect approach\, we show that the first two years after childbirth lead to a significant increase in the risk of severe stress\, while simultaneously increasing the probability of reporting a distinct period of happiness. We show that longer maternity leave entitlements leading to longer job interruptions significantly decrease the risk of stress: A period of eight weeks of maternity leave is sufficient to counterbalance the effect of childbirth on stress. Our results highlight the critical impact of maternity leave policies on the experience of childbirth and the wellbeing of working mothers. \nBiography: Mauricio Avendano Pabon is a Professor of Public Policy and Global Health and Director of the Institute of Gerontology at the Department of Global Health & Social Medicine. He is also an Adjunct Associate Professor at Harvard University. Before joining King’s\, Mauricio was Associate Professorial Research Fellow and Deputy Director of LSE Health at the London School of Economics and Political Science (2011-2015). He has been David Bell Fellow at Harvard University (2008-2010)\, and Assistant Professor at the Erasmus University Medical Center in the Netherlands (2006-2010). He is also a network associate of the McArthur Foundation Research Network on an Ageing Society. \nFor more information about Dr. Avendano Pabon click here.  \nThe seminar recording may be accessed here.
URL:https://ccpr.ucla.edu/event/stress-happiness-and-maternity-leave-at-childbirth-mauricio-avendano-pabon-kings-college-london/
CATEGORIES:CCPR Seminar
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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20210310T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20210310T133000
DTSTAMP:20260720T135126
CREATED:20200831T225751Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20210311T032409Z
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SUMMARY:"Migration and the Labor Market Impact of COVID-19\," Mushfiq Mobarak\, Yale University
DESCRIPTION:“Migration and the Labor Market Impact of COVID-19” \nMushfiq Mobarak\, Yale University \nIn this talk\, Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak will present the findings from a series of recent studies related to the consequences of COVID-19. The studies analyze the impact of the pandemic on outcomes such as employment\, income\, food security\, including on vulnerable groups such as refugees and migration-dependent households. They also assess attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination and interventions to promote mask use. The findings have important policy implications on providing emergency support while reforming social protection programs and creating income-generating opportunities to build the resilience of poor households. They will also inform the global effort to promote preventive health behavior and vaccine uptake. \nPaper 1: “Falling living standards during the COVID-19 crisis: Quantitative evidence from nine developing countries” \nAbstract \nDespite numerous journalistic accounts\, systematic quantitative evidence on economic conditions during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic remains scarce for most low- and middle-income countries\, partly due to limitations of official economic statistics in environments with large informal sectors and subsistence agriculture. We assemble evidence from over 30\,000 respondents in 16 original household surveys from nine countries in Africa (Burkina Faso\, Ghana\, Kenya\, Rwanda\, Sierra Leone)\, Asia (Bangladesh\, Nepal\, Philippines)\, and Latin America (Colombia). We document declines in employment and income in all settings beginning March 2020. The share of households experiencing an income drop ranges from 8 to 87% (median\, 68%). Household coping strategies and government assistance were insufficient to sustain precrisis living standards\, resulting in widespread food insecurity and dire economic conditions even 3 months into the crisis. We discuss promising policy responses and speculate about the risk of persistent adverse effects\, especially among children and other vulnerable groups. This paper may be accessed here. \nPaper 2: “Migration and the Labor Market Impacts of COVID-19”  \nAbstract \nWe report the excess economic vulnerabilities of migration-dependent households during the COVID-19 pandemic using detailed microdata from Bangladesh and Nepal. Leveraging experimental and observa tional variation in prior migration status\, we observe 25% greater declines in earnings and fourfold greater prevalence of food insecurity among migrant households since April 2020. Causes evident in the data include lower mobility\, less remittance income\, and greater health risk and stigma regarding migrants car rying COVID. We document the global scope of this problem by compiling a large set of secondary data to show that labor migration is extremely prevalent in less developed countries\, and that the causal economic return to such migration is large. We conclude with suggestions for policy to alleviate the challenges faced by migrants during the pandemic. New mobility restrictions imposed to limit contagion may lead the vulnerabilities to persist for a prolonged period\, and this population requires special policy attention.  \nPaper 3: “Community-Wide Mask Promotion: A Cluster-Randomized Trial in Rural Bangladesh” \nAbstract \nBackground: A growing body of scientific evidence suggests that face masks can slow the\nspread of COVID-19 and save lives. \nMethods: We conducted a cluster-randomized trial of community-level mask promotion in\nrural Bangladesh involving 341\,830 adults in 600 villages. Villages were paired and one in\neach pair was randomly assigned to intervention or control. In intervention villages\, with the\nactive support of local leaders\, we distributed masks (surgical or cloth) to every household and\nemployed various interventions to promote mask use at mosques\, markets\, and other public\nplaces multiple times per week. There were no intervention activities in the control villages.\nThe objective was to assess the degree to which the intervention and cross-randomizations\ncould increase proper (covering nose and mouth) wearing of face masks. This analysis is part\nof larger study evaluating the effect of mask-wearing on transmission of SARS-CoV-2. In this\npaper the primary outcome was the prevalence of proper mask-wearing. It was not possible to\nblind participants or surveillance staff to the intervention. \nResults: There were 64\,937 households in the intervention group and 64\,183 households in\nthe control group; study recruitment has ended. In the control group\, proper mask-wearing\nis practiced by 13% of those observed. Our intervention increased proper mask-wearing by\n28.6 percentage points (95% CI: 26.1%-31.1%) over the 2-10 week length of the intervention.\nPhysical distancing\, measured as the fraction of individuals at least one arm’s length apart\,\nalso increased by 6 percentage points (95% CI: 4.9%-7.6%). Mask type (surgical or cloth)\,\ntext reminders\, public signage commitments\, monetary or non-monetary incentives\, altruistic\nmessaging or verbal commitments had no additional effect on people’s propensity to wear\nmasks. Blue surgical masks were more likely to be worn than green\, and purple cloth masks\nwere more likely to be worn than red. We observe larger increases in mask-wearing among\nmen and in villages where mask-wearing was initially low. No adverse events were reported\nduring the study period. \nConclusions: Our intervention demonstrates a scalable and cost-effective method to promote\nmask adoption and save lives. Our cross-randomizations suggest this increase can be achieved\nwithout incentives that require costly monitoring\, that aesthetic design choices and colors can\ninfluence mask-wearing\, and that surgical masks with greater filtration efficiency can be a\ncost-effective alternative to cloth masks (1/3 the cost) and equally likely to be worn. Implementing\nthese interventions – including distribution of free masks\, information campaign\, reminders\,\nencouragement – costs $2.30-$3.75 per villager\, or between $8 and $13 per person adopting\na mask. Combined with existing estimates of the efficacy of masks in preventing COVID-19\ndeaths\, this implies that the intervention cost $28\,000-$66\,000 per life saved. Beyond reducing\nthe transmission of COVID-19\, mask distribution is likely to be a cost-effective strategy to\nprevent future respiratory disease outbreaks. \nBiography: Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak is a Professor of Economics at Yale University with concurrent appointments in the School of Management and in the Department of Economics. Mobarak is the founder and faculty director of the Yale Research Initiative on Innovation and Scale (Y-RISE). He holds other appointments at Innovations for Poverty Action\, the Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL) at MIT\, the International Growth Centre (IGC) at LSE. \nMore on Prof. Mobarak \nA recording of Dr. Mobarak’s presentation may be accessed here.
URL:https://ccpr.ucla.edu/event/mushfiq-mobarak-yale-university/
CATEGORIES:CCPR Seminar,Divisional Publish
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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20210331T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20210331T133000
DTSTAMP:20260720T135126
CREATED:20210208T224151Z
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SUMMARY:"Including Males: Improving Sexual and Reproductive Health for Female Adolescents\," Manisha Shah\, UCLA
DESCRIPTION:Manisha Shah\, UCLA\nAbstract: Adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa have some of the highest rates of unplanned pregnancy and intimate partner violence across the globe. We implement a randomized controlled trial offering females free access to contraceptives\, behavior change programming to male partners through soccer\, and a goal-setting activity around staying healthy in order to improve female adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes in Tanzania. We find that offering male partners a soccer intervention\, which educates and inspires young men to make better SRH choices\, reduces female reports of intimate partner violence (IPV). In addition\, we find that female adolescents who participate in the goal-setting activity also report decreases in intimate partner violence. Impacts are larger among females who were already sexually active at baseline. Supply side factors such as access to free contraceptives have no significant impact on adolescent SRH outcomes.  \nBio: Manisha Shah is Professor of Public Policy at the UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs. Shah also serves as Director of the Global Lab for Research in Action. Shah is also a Faculty Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research\, a Faculty Affiliate at UC Berkeley’s Center for Effective Global Action\,  The Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab\, and The Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of Development\, and a Research Fellow at the Institute for the Study of Labor. \nMore on Prof. Shah \nA recording of Dr. Shah’s presentation is available here.
URL:https://ccpr.ucla.edu/event/manisha-shah-ucla/
CATEGORIES:CCPR Seminar
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