Second Annual Robert Mare Student Lectureship: Carolina Arteaga, PhD (c) Economics, UCLA

4240 Public Affairs Bldg

Essays in Education and Crime in Colombia

This dissertation contains three essays in applied microeconomics. In the first chapter paper, I test whether the return to college education is the result of human capital accumulation or instead reflects the fact that attending college signals higher ability to employers. The second chapter provides evidence that parental incarceration increases children’s educational attainment. Finally, in the third chapter I derive a new expression that extends the Local Average Treatment Effect concept, to a setting with two sources of unobserved treatment heterogeneity.

Summer Institute in Computational Social Science

CCPR Seminar Room 4240 Public Affairs Building, Los Angeles, CA, United States

The purpose of the Summer Institute is to bring together graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and early career faculty interested in computational social science. The Summer Institute is open to both social scientists (broadly conceived) and data scientists (broadly conceived).

Summer Institute in Computational Social Science Panel Presentation

Luskin Conference Center Laureate Room

Summer Institute in Computational Social Science Panel Presentation

Friday June 21, 2019 2:00pm – 5:00pm
Reception 5:00pm – 6:00pm
Luskin Conference Center Laureate Room
• 2:00pm – 3:15pm Digital Demography
Prof. Dennis Feehan, UC Berkeley and Prof. Ka-Yuet Liu, UCLA
• 3:30pm – 4:45pm Computational Causal Inference
Prof. Judea Pearl, UCLA and Prof. Sam Pimentel, UC Berkeley

Big Data for Big Social Issues

UCLA Neuroscience Research Building Auditorium (NRB 132)

Big Data for Big Social Issues Summer Institute in Computational Social Science Panel: 1:00pm - 2:45pm Prof. John Friedman, Brown University: "Income Inequality and Social Mobility: What Can We Learn from Big Data?" 3:00pm-5:00pm Reception 5:00-6:00pm Click here to view a recording of the talk  A defining feature of the American Dream is upward income […]

Welcome and Introductions

4240 Public Affairs Bldg

"Welcome and Introductions"

Please come join us to learn all about the California Center for Population Research!

This will be the kick-off event for the start of the upcoming 2019-2020 CCPR Seminar Series.

Jonathan Daw, Penn State University

4240 Public Affairs Bldg

"Renal Relationships: Understanding Living Kidney Donor Relationship Patterns"

Abstract: Who do we turn to in times of need? Traditionally, social support research has shown a strong preference to rely on strong ties in these scenarios - often, even when weak ties might be better positioned to help. However, this conclusion has recently been challenged by Small (2017), who argues that people often rely on weak ties for emotional support in stressful times, preferring to avoid more complicated strong ties. This suggests that the types of ties we activate in times of need varies by the situation. In this study, we apply this framework to the study of living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT), effectively asking: How does this behavior differ when the stakes are potentially life and death? Using a variety of primary and secondary datasets, we compare the distribution of LDKT ties to the distribution of ties who would be likely able to help, then seek to explain these relative utilization patterns as a function of medical fundamentals, social/spatial relationships, and qualitative reasoning invoked by survey respondents. Our preliminary findings show that LDKT patterns are primarily driven by social relationship quality, and far less by medical fundamentals such as the potential donors' health or genetic relationship to the patient.

Adriana Lleras-Muney, UC Los Angeles

4240 Public Affairs Bldg

"Can Labor Market Discrimination Explain Racial Disparities in Schooling? Evidence from WWII"

Abstract: Can the racial gap in labor market earnings explain black-white disparities in the schooling of the next generation? To answer this, we exploit the large increase in labor demand in markets that received WWII defense industry contracts. This increase in labor demand combined with a policy that prohibited discrimination by race and ethnicity in the defense industries resulted in significant increases in African American earnings and declines in the racial gap in earnings between 1940 and 1950. This was achieved largely via occupational upgrading among African Americans into semi-skilled professions. In contrast with women, whose progress in the labor market was largely reversed in short order, this occupational upgrading persisted for African Americans. We argue that this persistence is consistent with declines in statistical discrimination. Moreover, we find that in these same labor markets, the next generation of African Americans invested relatively more in their human capital, as measured by greater years of schooling and a decline in the black-white schooling gap. We explore three reasons why reductions in the black white earnings gap might lead to reductions in the black white schooling gap of the next generation. First, this would relax the financial constraint faced by many African American families, allowing their children to remain in school longer. Second, occupational upgrading might have increased the returns to human capital among African Americans. Finally, there may be political responses that result in changes in public funding and provision of schooling and other public goods that affect the human capital accumulation of the next generation of African Americans. We find evidence consistent with the first explanation only. We conclude that efforts to further reduce the racial gap in schooling might consider labor market interventions.

Workshop: Data Carpentry for Social Science

Data Carpentry develops and teaches workshops on the fundamental data skills needed to conduct research. Its target audience is researchers who have little to no prior computational experience, and its lessons are domain specific, building on learners' existing knowledge to enable them to quickly apply skills learned to their own research. Participants will be encouraged […]

Michelle Jackson, Stanford University

4240 Public Affairs Bldg

A Century of Educational Inequality in the United States

Abstract: The “income inequality hypothesis” holds that rising income inequality affects the distribution of a wide range of social and economic outcomes. Research highlighting the sharp increase in educational inequality in recent decades has fuelled concerns that rising income inequality has had damaging consequences for equality of educational opportunity, even while other researchers have provided descriptive evidence at odds with the income inequality hypothesis. In this paper we track long-term trends in family income inequalities in college enrollment ("enrollment inequality") using all available nationally representative datasets for cohorts born between 1908 and 1995. We show that the trend in enrollment inequality moved in lockstep with the trend in income inequality over the past century. There is one exception to this general finding: for cohorts at risk of serving in the Vietnam War, enrollment inequality was high while income inequality was low. During this period, enrollment inequality was significantly higher for men than for women. Aside from this singular confounding event, evidence on a century of enrollment inequality establishes a strong association between income inequality and enrollment inequality, providing support for the view that rising income inequality is fundamentally changing the distribution of life chances.
Co-sponsored with the Social Stratification, Inequality and Mobility Working Group

Stefan Wager, Stanford University

4240 Public Affairs Bldg

Machine Learning for Causal Inference

Abstract: Given advances in machine learning over the past decades, it is now possible to accurately solve difficult non-parametric prediction problems in a way that is routine and reproducible. In this talk, I'll discuss how these machine learning tools can be rigorously integrated into observational study analyses, and how they interact with classical ideas around randomization, semiparametric modeling, double robustness, etc. When deployed carefully, machine learning enables us to develop statistical estimators that reflect the study design more closely than basic linear regression based methods.

Statistical Computing Part 1

4240 Public Affairs Bldg

Instructor: Matt Lahmann We'll get you signed up for hoffman2 and TS2. With Hoffman2 and TS2, you'll have state of the art hardware resources and most software you'll ever need for research. RSVP Signup via https://forms.gle/FgGuPdqQdF3RLVzC8

Courtney Cogburn, Columbia University

4240 Public Affairs Bldg

Race, Culture and Health: Conceptual and Methodological Innovations

Abstract: Building a culture of health and achieving health equity requires that we engage cultural processes in a more meaningful way. Cultural processes and systems are commonly referenced in health inequity scholarship but empirical research generally lags behind this conceptual emphasis. I argue that employing a transdisciplinary approach to examining intersections of culture, structure and racism is a valuable analytical tool for understanding the production of social and racial inequities in health. In this talk, I’ll discuss conceptual work advancing the concept of “cultural racism” in relation to racial inequities in health and will also provide an overview of related empirical projects: 1) a laboratory experiment examining the effects of media-based racism on physiological, psychological and behavioral stress responses, 2) a data science project exploring ways to assess chronic exposure to media-based racism and possible links to population health and 3) the use of virtual reality to promote structural competence regarding the structural and cultural roots of racism. In lieu of a deep dive on a single project or paper, the presentation seeks to support a rich conversation about the need for conceptual and methodological innovation in service of better understanding and addressing racial inequities in health.

CEGA-EASST Scholars from East Africa

4240 Public Affairs Bldg

Organizers: Manisha Shah and Daniel Posner November 14, 2019 4240 Public Affairs Building EASST invites East African researchers to apply for a 4-month fellowship at UC Berkeley to build skills in rigorous social science research and impact evaluation–these are the fellows who won this fellowship. Each scholar will present on the following topics; “Impact of […]

Statistical Computing Part 2

Instructor: Mike Tzen Using a very common data analysis scenario of "Group-(Split)-Apply-Combine", we'll show you how to make the most of cutting edge powerful hardware in both Hoffman2 and TS2. RSVP signup via https://forms.gle/i9fXG2Dcbw8L5AG38 slides rscript

CEGA-EASST & BRAC Fellow Seminar

4240 Public Affairs Bldg

The Luskin School of Public Affairs and the California Center for Population Research invites you for a Lunch Seminar with CEGA-EASST & BRAC Fellows next Thursday, November 14 from 12:30-1:30 pm in the CCPR Seminar Room. Lunch will be served, please RSVP here. Ronald Mulebeke (EASST fellow), Research Fellow at Makerere School of Public Health "Impact […]

René D. Flores, The University of Chicago

4240 Public Affairs Bldg

Diversity, Immigration, and Public Opinion in the U.S.

Abstract: What factors animate public opinion towards immigrants? A substantial literature has tested the impact of individual objective traits like education and job market status on immigration attitudes. In addition, researchers have explored the role of subjective factors like immigrants’ perceived impact on society. However, prior quantitative research has generally overlooked a key aspect: natives’ impressions of who immigrants are. Immigrants in the U.S. are increasingly diverse and evidence suggests that natives prefer certain types of immigrants. Yet, survey questions gauging immigration attitudes often refer to “immigrants” as if they were a single, homogenous group, which makes it hard to interpret survey takers’ answers. To fill this gap, we explore heterogeneity in subjective perceptions of immigrants and assess their attitudinal impacts. We systematically uncover these perceptions by using a Latent Class Analysis approach on a new set of survey items we developed. We find the presence of four different immigrant “archetypes” or multidimensional constellations of immigrant traits. These archetypes are shared across regions, social classes, and partisan lines and more powerfully predict immigration attitudes than typical independent variables used in extant research. Last, we discuss the theoretical and methodological implications of our findings.

Emily Smith-Greenway, USC

4240 Public Affairs Bldg

Life after death: The scale and salience of mortality in sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract: Dramatic reductions in the infant and under-five mortality rates over the last half century are among the global health community’s most notable achievements. The trends are clear and the message is positive: the world today is healthier and safer for young people than it has ever been. Sub-Saharan African countries, in particular, have experienced some of the most dramatic reductions in early life mortality. However, the all-time low infant and under-five mortality rates conceal the pervasiveness by which contemporary populations experience the phenomenon of having an infant or under-five-year-old child die—a life event that can leave parents vulnerable in myriad ways. In this talk I will introduce new population measures that capture the scale at which infant and child deaths are experienced by and dispersed across mothers in contemporary African populations. I will then demonstrate the disadvantage mothers can experience following a child’s death, and will conclude by discussing how I am extending this research with a data collection project in rural Malawi.
Co-Sponsored with the Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility Working Group

W. Bradford Wilcox, University of Virginia

4240 Public Affairs Bldg

Talking Left, Living Right: Education, Ethnicity & Family Stability in the Golden State

Abstract: California has a reputation as a vanguard for the kinds of progressive values—like expressive individualism, personal fulfillment, and tolerance—associated with the second demographic transition (SDT). The SDT is associated with less marriage and greater family instability, among other things. But it turns out that, when it comes to the practice of family life, California has more intact, married families than the nation as a whole. Why is this? We argue that California has a disproportionate share of Asians and especially immigrants, and these two groups are more likely to embrace a familistic way of life and reject SDT values. We also note that more educated Californians, while they embrace progressive values in theory and in public, are more likely to embrace and live out familistic values in their own private family lives. So, immigrants, Asians, and more educated Californians disproportionately make up the ranks of Californians who are living in intact, married families.

Ken Smith, University of Utah

4240 Public Affairs Bldg

Biodemography of Fertility and Longevity Using the Utah Population Database

Abstract: There is growing awareness that fertility affects rates of aging, adult survival prospects, and the likelihood of reaching exceptionally old ages. Much of this work, including our own, has focused on women and their ages at last birth, a proposed biodemographic marker for rates of aging. This literature has given far less attention to men, the risk of specific causes of death, the role of early initiation of fertility and how these forces may change over historical time. We use the Utah Population Database to examine how fertility alters adult mortality risks. We give special attention the role of late age at last birth, but also the role of early and late ages first birth Increasing parity is associated with worse survival for women and better for men. This talk will also present the opportunities made possible by the Utah Population Database, a unique resource of 11 million persons comprising genealogies, vital and medical records, as well as demographic and spatial data.

Pablo Barberá, University of Southern California

4240 Public Affairs Bldg

Does Online Partisan Media Affect Attitudes and Behavior?

Abstract: In today's fragmented online media ecosystem, does exposure to political news through partisan media have a measurable effect on citizens' political attitudes and behavior? Or are these outlets merely preaching to the choir? And if such media effects exist, are they durable and homogeneous across political groups? To answer these questions, we conducted a pre-registered, randomized field experiment embedded in a nationally representative online panel survey. We incentivized participants to temporarily alter features of their information environment during the 2018 U.S. midterm election campaign. Subjects in the treatment groups were asked to change their default browser homepage to either FoxNews.com or HuffPost.com. Using web browsing data collected for our respondents, we find that our intervention exogenously and durably altered news consumption habits. We then evaluate how our treatment affected political attitudes, voting behavior, and civic knowledge, which we measure based on survey responses collected at periodic intervals after our intervention, up to one year later. Our results generally show negligible persuasive and agenda-setting effects, consistent with the minimal media effects hypothesis. However, we uncover a meaningful decrease in overall media trust among those exposed to Fox News and an increase in support for liberal immigration policies among those in the Huffington Post treatment group.